EARTH KENNINGS

TYPES OF EARTH KENNINGS [Examples Follow]

1. (A.a) brúðr Óðins "bride of Óðinn" [brúðr Báleygs Sks.119]
              
   (A.b) dóttir Ónars "daughter of Ónarr" [einga-dóttir Ónars Sks.118]
  
   (A.c) móðir Þórs "mother of Þórr" [móðir dolgs jötna Sks.117]
  
   (A.e) elja Rindar "rival of Rindr" [elja Rindar Sks.122]
            sværa Sifjar "mother-in-law of Sif" [/]
            dóttir Náttar "daughter of Nótt" [/]
   
   (A.d) systir Auðs "sister of Auðr" [systir Auðs Sks.121]
             systir Dags "sister of Dagr" [/]

1. (B)   gólf/botn hallar veðra "floor/base of hall of winds" [1.B]

1. (C)   sjár dýranna "ocean of animals" [elgver Sks.120]

   hold Ymis "flesh of Ymir" [/]

   Snorri also presents these heiti: Jörð, fold, grund, hauðr, land, láð, Hlöðyn, frón, Fjörgyn.

1.A.a-e Mythological kennings for Earth or Land (sometimes indicating a specific country or region)
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EXAMPLES OF EARTH KENNINGS

EARTH AS THE "BRIDE OF ODIN":
The majority of Earth Kennings, by far, are of this type.

a 09 vina her-Gauts "mistress of host-Gautr" (Bragi: Ragnarsdrápa 5 = Sks.156)
a 09 ekkja Svölnis "widow of Svölnir" (Þjóðólfr: Haustlöng 15 = Sks.66)
a 10 beðja niðjar Bors "bedmate of son of Borr" (Egill: Lv 21 = Eg.30)
a 10 vára Svölnis "wife of Svölnir" (Eyvindr: Lv 12 = HkrI.102)
a 10 brúðr val-Týs "bride of slain-Týr" (Eyvindr: Háleygjatal 15 = Fsk.86)
a 10 man Yggs "maiden of Yggr" (Tindr: Drápa 8) (uncertain text "kveðju-man?") -> 12 = Nóregskonungatal 26
a 10 biðkván Þriðja (barrhödduð) "waiting wife of Þriði" (Hallfreðr: Hákonardrápa 3 = Sks.10)
a 10 brúðr Báleygs (breiðleit) "bride of Báleygr" (Hallfreðr: Hákonardrápa 6 = Sks.119)
a 11 brúðr Yggjar "bride of Yggr" (Eyjólfr dáðaskáld: Bandadrápa 3 = HkrI.118)
a 11 víf Óska (munlaust) "wife of Óski" (Óttarr svarti: Óláfsdrápa sænska 2 = Sks.383)
a 11 beðja Þundar "bedmate of Þundr" (Grettir: Ævikviða 7 = Grett.42) -> 12 = Nóregskonungatal 9, 20
a 12 drós Þrós "lady of Þrór" (Haukr: Íslendingadrápa 17)
a 12 víf Hárs "wife of Hárr" (Nóregskonungatal 20)
a 12 man Yggjar "maiden of Yggr" (Nóregskonungatal 47)
a 13 mála bága ulfs "beloved of enemy of wolf" (Snorri: Háttatal 3)
a 13 rúna vinar Míms "wife of friend of Mímr" (Snorri: Háttatal 3)
a 13 mála geir-Týs (græn) "girlfriend of spear-Týr" (Sturla: Hákonarkviða 21)
a 14 beðja Svölnis "bedmate of Svölnir" (Einarr Gilsson: Selkolluvísur 20)

EARTH AS THE "MOTHER OF THOR"

c 10 móðir dolgs mellu "mother of foe of trollwife" (Eyvindr: Lv 8 = Hkr.88) > 13 = Snorri: Háttatal 3
c 10 móðir dolgs jötna "mother of foe of giants" (Eyvindr: Lv 9 = HkrI.89 = Sks.117)
c 13 eiða váða orms "mother of enemy of serpent" (Snorri: Háttatal 3)

CONVERSELY THOR IS DESIGNATED AS "EARTH'S SON"

EARTH AS A KINSWOMAN OF OTHERS

b 10 fljóð Ónars (eiki gróit) "girl of Ónarr" (Goðþormr sindri: Hákonardrápa 5 = HkrI.66)
b 10 dóttir Ónars (viði gróin) "daughter of Ónarr" (Hallfreðr: Hákonardrápa 5 = Sks.118)
b 11 mær Ánars (haglfaldin) (Þjóðólfr: Sexstefja 3 = Fsk.186)

d 10 systir Auðs (ítr) "sister of Auðr" (Hallfreðr: Hákonardrápa 4 = Sks.121)

EARTH AS A RIVAL TO OTHER WOMEN OF ODIN'S

e 11 elja Rindar (ómynd) "rival of Rindr" (Þjóðólfr: Sexstefja 3 = Fsk.186 = Sks.122)
       elja Friggjar "rival of Frigg" [unattested, possibly a parallel formation to the above]
       elja Gunnlaðar "rival of Gunnlöð" [unattested, " ]


OTHER KENNINGS FOR EARTH

1.B "Floor of the Heavens"
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10 botn vindkers (víðr) "base of wind-vat" (Egill: Arinbjarnarkviða 18)
11 víðbotn varðkeri glyggs (gjálfri leygðr) "wide base of storm-container" (Sigvatr: Flokkr 4 = HkrII.123)
12 botn élkers (gjálfri kringðr) "base of storm-vat" (Markús Skeggjason: Eiríksdrápa 3 = Sks.111)
13 botn vindkers (víðr, gjálfri kringðr) "base of wind-vat" (Sturla: Hákonarkviða 6)

1.C.b Earth as Path/Place of Land-animals
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09 tröð ferðar glamma "path of wolf-flock" (Hornklofi: Glymdrápa 2 = HkrI.034) [properly: "wilderness"]
10 hreinbraut (hæst) "reindeer-path (highest)" (Egill: Aðalsteinsdrápa 2 = Eg.22) [properly: "highlands"]
10 stöð glamma "place of wolf" (Eilífr: Þórsdrápa 10) [properly: "mountain" - but possibly = "ocean"!]

10 galgi elgjar "elk's gallows?" (Egill: Sonatorrek 15) [unexplained -hardly belongs here]

1.C.c Earth asOcean of Land-animals (contrast 5.G "hvalfrón" etc.)
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10 ver gaupu "ocean of lynx" (Eilífr: Þórsdrápa 5)
11 vörr rádýris "sea of deer" (Sigvatr: Brot 2)
11 elgver "elk-sea" Þjóðólfr Arnórsson: Sexstefja 34 = Sks.120)
12 hreinvözt (hjartfær) "reindeer-sea" (Markús Skeggjason: Kristsdrápa 2) [here pl.: "mountains"]
13 hreinver "reindeer-sea" (Sturla: Hákonarkviða 31)

1.D Earth as Ocean of Vegetation (contrast 5.D "láð þangs")
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10 fjörðr lyngs "fjord of heather" (Egill: Lv 21 = Eg.30)

[mistar marr (HHuI 47) - unexplained]

1.E Earth as Ocean of Wagons (contrast 5.F "fleyvangr" etc.)
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10 græðir vagna "ocean of wagons" (Anon II B 3)